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Outer Space & Universe

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Outer Space & Universe

Space, also known as outer space, is the near-vacuum between celestial bodies. It is where everything (all of the planets, stars, galaxies and other objects) is found.

On Earth, space begins at the Kármán line (100 km above sea level). This is where Earth's atmosphere is said to stop and outer space begins. This is not a firm boundary but is a convention used by scientists and diplomats.

Items in space are free to move back and forth; up and down; and left and right. These three dimensions are what make 3D space. Items also move forward through time, which is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

The majority of space contains very little matter and so most of it is a vacuum. Scientists do not know how big space is but we do know that space is extremely big, and is always expanding.

According to the big bang theory, all matter and energy in the Universe was compressed into a very small space. Then it exploded and started expanding. Space is still growing in size today; this means the distance from one galaxy to distant galaxies is getting longer.

Gravity is the force that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth and the planets in orbit around the Sun. Gravity can stretch and bend space similar to how a heavy ball placed on a stretched sheet of rubber will cause the rubber to stretch. The scientist who discovered that space can bend is named Albert Einstein. How gravity bends space is part of his theory of general relativity.

Astronauts, Cosmonauts, Taikonauts and Spationauts

An astronaut is any person who is trained by NASA to travel and perform tasks in space. Although the space traveler may not necessarily be a United States citizen, each astronaut does go through a rigorous training regiment by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other space travelers go by other names then astronaut depending on their country of origin.

In the United States, astronaut is derived from the Greek words ástron (star) and nautis (sailor). While, in Russia, a space traveler goes by the name космонавт (English: cosmonaut), which is derived from the Greek words kosmos (universe) and nautis (sailor). Westerners call a space traveler from China a taikonaut, based on the 1998 writings of Chiew Lee Yik and Chen Lan where the term tàikōng (great emptiness), Chinese for “space”. In China, the term yuháng yuán (universe navigator) is used for space traveler.

Only the United States of America (United States), Russia (earlier, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), and the People’s Republic of China (China) have sent manned spacecraft into space. Other countries have assisted these countries by sending their own space travelers on space missions. For instance, a French space traveler is called a spationaut (from the French word spationaute), which is derived from the Latin spatium (space) and Greek nautis (sailor). (plural in Greek nautes = sailors)

 

  • 00:30 Video of Hubble Spies a Scintillating Globular Cluster

    Video of Hubble Spies a Scintillating Globular Cluster

    by Shubnigg Added 211 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2233a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. Cohen Music: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Lens Flair

    Video of Lens Flair

    by Shubnigg Added 194 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2229a/Credit:NASA & ESAMusic: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Multiwavelength View of a Turbulent Stellar Nursery

    Video of Multiwavelength View of a Turbulent Stellar Nursery

    by Shubnigg Added 173 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2242a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, B. Reipurth, B. NisiniMusic: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of One Galaxy, Three Times

    Video of One Galaxy, Three Times

    by Shubnigg Added 241 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2147a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, E. Wuyts Music: zero-project - Through the Looking Glass (zero-project.gr)

  • 00:30 Video of Portrait of a Globular Cluster

    Video of Portrait of a Globular Cluster

    by Shubnigg Added 191 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2228a/Credit:NASA & ESAMusic: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Tempestuous Young Stars in Orion

    Video of Tempestuous Young Stars in Orion

    by Shubnigg Added 194 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2304a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Bally, M. Robberto Music: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 05:38 Video of unidentified aerial phenomena presented during House Intelligence hearing

    Video of unidentified aerial phenomena presented during House Intelligence hearing

    by Shubnigg Added 196 Views / 0 Likes

    House Intelligence Counterterrorism, Counterintelligence, and Counterproliferation Subcommittee held a hearing on unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP), the newer term for UFOs. The Deputy Director of Navy Intelligence provided examples of UAPs captured in

  • 00:30 Video of A Spectacular Side-On Spiral

    Video of A Spectacular Side-On Spiral

    by Shubnigg Added 202 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2146a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, A. Seth Music: Stellardrone - Stardome

  • 00:30 Video One of a Pair

    Video One of a Pair

    by Shubnigg Added 254 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2148a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team Music: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 02:00 Video tour of Hubble’s panoramic view of the Andromeda Galaxy

    Video tour of Hubble’s panoramic view of the Andromeda Galaxy

    by Added 28 Views / 0 Likes

    This video features the largest photomosaic ever assembled from Hubble Space Telescope observations. It is a panoramic view of the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, located 2.5 million light-years away. It took over 10 years to make this vast and colorful por

  • 00:30 Video: A Wreath of Star Formation in NGC 7469

    Video: A Wreath of Star Formation in NGC 7469

    by Shubnigg Added 104 Views / 0 Likes

    This image is dominated by NGC 7469, a luminous, face-on spiral galaxy approximately 90 000 light-years in diameter that lies roughly 220 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Pegasus. This spiral galaxy has recently been studied as part of

  • 05:00 Views of Hurricane Florence at Landfall

    Views of Hurricane Florence at Landfall

    by Shubnigg Added 541 Views / 0 Likes

    Cameras outside the International Space Station captured views of Hurricane Florence on Sept. 14 at 7:41 a.m. EDT minutes after the storm made landfall near Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina packing winds of 90 miles an hour. The National Hurricane Cente

  • 02:56 Views of Starship Flight 6 from International Space Station

    Views of Starship Flight 6 from International Space Station

    by Added 110 Views / 0 Likes

    While orbiting approximately 250 miles above Earth, external cameras aboard the International Space Station captured the sixth test flight of SpaceX’s Starship after liftoff at 4 p.m. CST on Tuesday, Nov. 19. For Artemis III, the first crewed return to th

  • 01:37 Violent Galaxy Collision Creates Beautiful 'Cosmic Bloom' | Video

    Violent Galaxy Collision Creates Beautiful 'Cosmic Bloom' | Video

    by shub Added 848 Views / 0 Likes

    Elliptical galaxy PGC 6240 is the product of a galactic merger. Astronomers liken it to a pale rose, that is constructed by hazy shells of stars. The Hubble Space Telescope had delivered sharply detailed imaged of the Hydrus constellation galaxy.

  • 00:59 Virgin Galactic Astronaut Talks Piloting a Blackbird and VSS Unity

    Virgin Galactic Astronaut Talks Piloting a Blackbird and VSS Unity

    by Shubnigg Added 403 Views / 0 Likes

    Virgin Galactic astronaut Mark Stucky, who piloted VSS Unity on its first spaceflight, talks about previously flying the SR-71 Blackbird. Credit: Virgin Galactic

  • 01:29 Virgin Galactic Celebrates 2013 Milestones | Video

    Virgin Galactic Celebrates 2013 Milestones | Video

    by shub Added 763 Views / 0 Likes

    Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic celebrated a year of new rocket technologies, space ships, certifications, and construction of the first ever spaceport for tourists.

  • 01:27 Virgin Galactic Hosts Future Astronauts At Space Port | VIdeo

    Virgin Galactic Hosts Future Astronauts At Space Port | VIdeo

    by shub Added 822 Views / 0 Likes

    Sir Richard Branson and George Whitesides talk about the Space tourism company's future at the largest gathering of future astronauts to date. The 'Your Flight DNA' event was hosted at Mojave Air and Space Port.

  • 00:53 Virgin Galactic Motor Roars to Life for 2nd Spaceflight

    Virgin Galactic Motor Roars to Life for 2nd Spaceflight

    by Shubnigg Added 467 Views / 0 Likes

    Virgin Galactic's VSS Unity soared to space again on Feb. 22, 2019. Credit: Space.com / footage courtesy: Virgin Galactic, MarsScientific.com, Trumbull Studios / edited by Steve Spaleta

  • 02:38 Virgin Galactic Opens 'Gateway to Space' at Spaceport America

    Virgin Galactic Opens 'Gateway to Space' at Spaceport America

    by Shubnigg Added 413 Views / 0 Likes

    Virgin Galactic is moving its human spaceflight launches to Spaceport America in New Mexico. -- Story: Virgin Galactic Opens 'Gateway to Space' for Tourist Launches at Spaceport America: https://www.space.com/virgin-galactic-unveils-spaceport-america-gran

  • 01:01 Virgin Galactic Prepares for Fifth Powered Flight

    Virgin Galactic Prepares for Fifth Powered Flight

    by Shubnigg Added 440 Views / 0 Likes

    Two months after Virgin Galactic pilots crossed into space for the first time, the company is back on the tarmac for another test flight of its VSS Unity.Credit: Virgin Galactic

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