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Outer Space & Universe

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Outer Space & Universe

Space, also known as outer space, is the near-vacuum between celestial bodies. It is where everything (all of the planets, stars, galaxies and other objects) is found.

On Earth, space begins at the Kármán line (100 km above sea level). This is where Earth's atmosphere is said to stop and outer space begins. This is not a firm boundary but is a convention used by scientists and diplomats.

Items in space are free to move back and forth; up and down; and left and right. These three dimensions are what make 3D space. Items also move forward through time, which is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

The majority of space contains very little matter and so most of it is a vacuum. Scientists do not know how big space is but we do know that space is extremely big, and is always expanding.

According to the big bang theory, all matter and energy in the Universe was compressed into a very small space. Then it exploded and started expanding. Space is still growing in size today; this means the distance from one galaxy to distant galaxies is getting longer.

Gravity is the force that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth and the planets in orbit around the Sun. Gravity can stretch and bend space similar to how a heavy ball placed on a stretched sheet of rubber will cause the rubber to stretch. The scientist who discovered that space can bend is named Albert Einstein. How gravity bends space is part of his theory of general relativity.

Astronauts, Cosmonauts, Taikonauts and Spationauts

An astronaut is any person who is trained by NASA to travel and perform tasks in space. Although the space traveler may not necessarily be a United States citizen, each astronaut does go through a rigorous training regiment by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other space travelers go by other names then astronaut depending on their country of origin.

In the United States, astronaut is derived from the Greek words ástron (star) and nautis (sailor). While, in Russia, a space traveler goes by the name космонавт (English: cosmonaut), which is derived from the Greek words kosmos (universe) and nautis (sailor). Westerners call a space traveler from China a taikonaut, based on the 1998 writings of Chiew Lee Yik and Chen Lan where the term tàikōng (great emptiness), Chinese for “space”. In China, the term yuháng yuán (universe navigator) is used for space traveler.

Only the United States of America (United States), Russia (earlier, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), and the People’s Republic of China (China) have sent manned spacecraft into space. Other countries have assisted these countries by sending their own space travelers on space missions. For instance, a French space traveler is called a spationaut (from the French word spationaute), which is derived from the Latin spatium (space) and Greek nautis (sailor). (plural in Greek nautes = sailors)

 

  • 00:30 Video of A Delving into an Astronomical Treasure Trove

    Video of A Delving into an Astronomical Treasure Trove

    by Shubnigg Added 238 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2226a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. CohenMusic: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of A Galactic Overlap

    Video of A Galactic Overlap

    by Shubnigg Added 173 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2236a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, W. Keel Music: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of A Marvel of Galactic Morphology

    Video of A Marvel of Galactic Morphology

    by Shubnigg Added 154 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2234a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. B. Tully, R. Jansen, R. Windhorst Music: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of A Star-Studded Skyfield

    Video of A Star-Studded Skyfield

    by Shubnigg Added 130 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2231a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. CohenMusic: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of An Enigmatic Astronomical Explosion

    Video of An Enigmatic Astronomical Explosion

    by Shubnigg Added 205 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2238a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. SahaiMusic: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of An Invisible Galactic Gale

    Video of An Invisible Galactic Gale

    by Shubnigg Added 187 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2141a/Credit:NASA & ESA Music: Stellardrone – Stardome

  • 00:30 Video of An Snapshot of a Massive Cluster

    Video of An Snapshot of a Massive Cluster

    by Shubnigg Added 125 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2225a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, H. Ebeling Acknowledgement: L. ShatzMusic: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 08:58 Video of Brown Dwarf Beta Pictoris B! The original Planet X of Exoplanets.

    Video of Brown Dwarf Beta Pictoris B! The original Planet X of Exoplanets.

    by Shubnigg Added 670 Views / 0 Likes

    Video of Brown Dwarf Beta Pictoris B! The original Planet X of Exoplanets.

  • 00:30 Video of Cosmic Fireworks

    Video of Cosmic Fireworks

    by Shubnigg Added 204 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2144a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, D. Milisavljevic Music: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Cosmological Curiosity

    Video of Cosmological Curiosity

    by Shubnigg Added 197 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2145a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, A. Riess et al. Stellardrone - The Edge of Forever

  • 00:30 Video of Festive and Free-Floating

    Video of Festive and Free-Floating

    by Shubnigg Added 140 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2251a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. SahaiMusic: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Follow the LEDA

    Video of Follow the LEDA

    by Shubnigg Added 153 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2230a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, W. Keel Music: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Galaxy Pair VV 191 (Webb and Hubble Composite Image)

    Video of Galaxy Pair VV 191 (Webb and Hubble Composite Image)

    by Shubnigg Added 188 Views / 0 Likes

    By combining data from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, researchers were able to trace light that was emitted by the large white elliptical galaxy at left through the spiral galaxy at right and identify

  • 00:30 Video of Hubble Experiences Déjà vu

    Video of Hubble Experiences Déjà vu

    by Shubnigg Added 218 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2143a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, L. Ho, J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team Music: Stellardrone – Stardome

  • 00:30 Video of Hubble Goes Galactic Birdwatching

    Video of Hubble Goes Galactic Birdwatching

    by Shubnigg Added 199 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2222a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team Acknowledgement: J. SchmidtMusic: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Hubble Hunts an Unusual Galaxy

    Video of Hubble Hunts an Unusual Galaxy

    by Shubnigg Added 167 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2247a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, Dark Energy Survey/DOE/FNAL/DECam/CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA, J. Dalcanton Music: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Hubble Inspects A Pair of Space Oddities

    Video of Hubble Inspects A Pair of Space Oddities

    by Shubnigg Added 166 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2244a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, Dark Energy Survey/DOE/FNAL/DECam/CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA, J. Dalcanton Music: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Hubble Investigates an Enigmatic Globular Cluster

    Video of Hubble Investigates an Enigmatic Globular Cluster

    by Shubnigg Added 227 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2223a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, A. Dotter Music: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Hubble Spies a Galactic Gem

    Video of Hubble Spies a Galactic Gem

    by Shubnigg Added 255 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2227a/Credit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, W. KeelMusic: Stellardrone - Billions and Billions

  • 00:30 Video of Hubble Spies a Pair of Squabbling Galaxies

    Video of Hubble Spies a Pair of Squabbling Galaxies

    by Shubnigg Added 271 Views / 0 Likes

    More information and download options: http://esahubble.org/videos/potw2142a/Credit:ESA/Hubble and NASA, Dark Energy Survey, J. DalcantonMusic: zero-project - Through the Looking Glass (zero-project.gr)

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