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Outer Space & Universe

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Outer Space & Universe

Space, also known as outer space, is the near-vacuum between celestial bodies. It is where everything (all of the planets, stars, galaxies and other objects) is found.

On Earth, space begins at the Kármán line (100 km above sea level). This is where Earth's atmosphere is said to stop and outer space begins. This is not a firm boundary but is a convention used by scientists and diplomats.

Items in space are free to move back and forth; up and down; and left and right. These three dimensions are what make 3D space. Items also move forward through time, which is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

The majority of space contains very little matter and so most of it is a vacuum. Scientists do not know how big space is but we do know that space is extremely big, and is always expanding.

According to the big bang theory, all matter and energy in the Universe was compressed into a very small space. Then it exploded and started expanding. Space is still growing in size today; this means the distance from one galaxy to distant galaxies is getting longer.

Gravity is the force that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth and the planets in orbit around the Sun. Gravity can stretch and bend space similar to how a heavy ball placed on a stretched sheet of rubber will cause the rubber to stretch. The scientist who discovered that space can bend is named Albert Einstein. How gravity bends space is part of his theory of general relativity.

Astronauts, Cosmonauts, Taikonauts and Spationauts

An astronaut is any person who is trained by NASA to travel and perform tasks in space. Although the space traveler may not necessarily be a United States citizen, each astronaut does go through a rigorous training regiment by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other space travelers go by other names then astronaut depending on their country of origin.

In the United States, astronaut is derived from the Greek words ástron (star) and nautis (sailor). While, in Russia, a space traveler goes by the name космонавт (English: cosmonaut), which is derived from the Greek words kosmos (universe) and nautis (sailor). Westerners call a space traveler from China a taikonaut, based on the 1998 writings of Chiew Lee Yik and Chen Lan where the term tàikōng (great emptiness), Chinese for “space”. In China, the term yuháng yuán (universe navigator) is used for space traveler.

Only the United States of America (United States), Russia (earlier, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), and the People’s Republic of China (China) have sent manned spacecraft into space. Other countries have assisted these countries by sending their own space travelers on space missions. For instance, a French space traveler is called a spationaut (from the French word spationaute), which is derived from the Latin spatium (space) and Greek nautis (sailor). (plural in Greek nautes = sailors)

 

  • 06:05 See Artemis 1's Orion spacecraft and Earth in stunning view from space

    See Artemis 1's Orion spacecraft and Earth in stunning view from space

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    NASA's Orion spacecraft has captured imagery of Earth and itself during its trip to the moon on Nov. 16, 2022. Watch the historic Artemis 1 launch: https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-mission-launchCredit: NASA

  • 01:34 See Artemis 1's solar array shake during outbound trajectory burn

    See Artemis 1's solar array shake during outbound trajectory burn

    by admin Added 102 Views / 0 Likes

    The Artemis 1 mission has completed "its first outbound trajectory burn on the way to the Moon" on Nov. 16, 2022, according to NASA. Imagery from the spacecraft shows its solar shaking as the burned occurred. Watch the historic Artemis 1 launch: https://w

  • 05:55 See Artemis 3's new spacesuit for the moon in action during unveiling

    See Artemis 3's new spacesuit for the moon in action during unveiling

    by admin Added 70 Views / 0 Likes

    An Axiom Space engineer showcases the maneuverability of the new spacesuit that Artemis 3 astronauts will wear on the moon. Full Story: https://www.space.com/axiom-space-artemis-moon-spacesuits-revealedCredit: NASA

  • 03:34 See Asteroid Bennu's OSIRIS-REx sample sites in up-close views

    See Asteroid Bennu's OSIRIS-REx sample sites in up-close views

    by admin Added 332 Views / 0 Likes

    NASA's primary asteroid Bennu sample site location (called Nightingale) and backup site (Osprey) are profiled. The space agency's OSIRIS-REx will attempt to collect samples of the space rock in Aug. 2020. Credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterData provi

  • 01:15 See asteroid named after Jackie Robinson orbit the sun in 5-year time-lapse animation

    See asteroid named after Jackie Robinson orbit the sun in 5-year time-lapse animation

    by admin Added 209 Views / 0 Likes

    4319 Jackierobinson was named after the 1st African American to play in the modern era of Major League Baseball. The asteroid, originally designated 1981 ER14, was discovered on Mar. 1, 1981 by "S. J. Bus at Siding Spring in the course of the U.K. Schmidt

  • 01:09 See Astra test fire rocket that will launch NASA's TROPIC-1 mission

    See Astra test fire rocket that will launch NASA's TROPIC-1 mission

    by admin Added 139 Views / 0 Likes

    Astra conducted a static fire test of the LV0010 rocket that will launch the TROPICS-1 mission from Space Launch Complex 46 (SLC-46) in Cape Canaveral, Florida. [How to watch the launch](https://www.space.com/astra-nasa-tropics-hurricane-mission-launch-su

  • 00:35 See Astra's 3.1 rocket launch attempt from Alaska

    See Astra's 3.1 rocket launch attempt from Alaska

    by admin Added 247 Views / 0 Likes

    The California-based company Astra launched its first orbital test flight on Sept. 12, 2020. The 38-foot-tall (12 meters) Rocket 3.1 launch ended in failure due to a software issue. -- Astra may make 2nd orbital launch attempt this year: https://www.space

  • 02:18 See astronauts relocate SpaceX Dragon capsule in time-lapsed highlights

    See astronauts relocate SpaceX Dragon capsule in time-lapsed highlights

    by admin Added 72 Views / 0 Likes

    SpaceX Crew-6 astronauts NASA's Stephen Bowen and Woody Hoburg, the United Arab Emirates' Sultan Al Neyadi and Russian cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev moved Crew Dragon Endeavour to another International Space Station docking port on May 6, 2023. Learn why the m

  • 01:13 See astronauts work outside space station in 2nd spacewalk of 2023

    See astronauts work outside space station in 2nd spacewalk of 2023

    by admin Added 82 Views / 0 Likes

    NASA astronaut Nicole Mann and Japan's Koichi Wakata are making their second spacewalk of 2023 on Feb. 2 to prep the International Space Station for solar array upgrades. [Watch live](https://www.space.com/spacewalk-international-space-station-february-2-

  • 01:01 See BepiColombo spacecraft's Earth fly-by in amazing space and telescope views

    See BepiColombo spacecraft's Earth fly-by in amazing space and telescope views

    by admin Added 355 Views / 0 Likes

    The ESA/JAXA BepiColombo spacecraft completed a gravity assist maneuver with a close flyby of Earth on April 10, 2020. The spacecraft captured imagery of Earth on April 9 and 10 during its approach. Gianluca Masi from the Virtual Telescope project also ca

  • 05:33 See Betelgeuse, Sirius and more in Feb. 2020 skywatching

    See Betelgeuse, Sirius and more in Feb. 2020 skywatching

    by admin Added 331 Views / 0 Likes

    The stars Betelgeuse, Sirius, Procyon and more are highlights in the February 2020 night sky. -- Skywatching Guide: https://www.space.com/16149-night-sky.htmlCredit: NASA and the Office of Public Outreach (STScI)

  • 02:21 See Black Arrow rocket's sea launch in CGI animation

    See Black Arrow rocket's sea launch in CGI animation

    by admin Added 136 Views / 0 Likes

    The Black Arrow Space Technology's rocket is designed to launch up to 500 kg (1102 lbs) into Low Earth Orbit from a "seaborne spaceport."Credit: Black Arrow Space Technologies / Animated Technologies

  • 11:57 See Blue Origin's first crew drive to rocket ahead of launch

    See Blue Origin's first crew drive to rocket ahead of launch

    by admin Added 161 Views / 0 Likes

    Jeff and Mark Bezos, Wally Funk and Oliver Daemen were driven to the the New Shepard rocket that will launch them to space less than an hour prior to scheduled lifoff. How to watch live: https://www.space.com/blue-origin-jeff-bezos-new-shepard-first-crewe

  • 01:46 See Blue Origin's first crew exit capsule after landing

    See Blue Origin's first crew exit capsule after landing

    by admin Added 165 Views / 0 Likes

    Jeff and Mark Bezos, Wally Funk and Oliver Daemen exited their Blue Origin capsule shortly after landing. Watch the launch: https://www.space.com/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-first-astronaut-launchCredit: Blue Origin

  • 01:46 See Blue Origin's first crew in space! Jeff & Mark Bezos, Wally Funk & Oliver Daemon

    See Blue Origin's first crew in space! Jeff & Mark Bezos, Wally Funk & Oliver Daemon

    by admin Added 174 Views / 0 Likes

    See moments from the zero-g portion of the Blue Origin's first crewed New Shepard flight on July 20, 2021 with Jeff and Mark Bezos, Wally Funk and Oliver Daemon. Full Story: https://www.space.com/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-first-astronaut-launchCredit: Blue O

  • 00:50 See Blue Origin's fourth crew enjoy microgravity during flight

    See Blue Origin's fourth crew enjoy microgravity during flight

    by admin Added 160 Views / 0 Likes

    The Blue Origin NS-20's Marty Allen, Sharon Hagle, Marc Hagle, Jim Kitchen, Gary Lai, and Dr. George Nield unstrap and enjoy their moments of weightlessness during their flight on March 31, 2022. Credit: Blue Origin

  • 01:44 See Blue Origin's NS-21 crew in space in these flight highlights

    See Blue Origin's NS-21 crew in space in these flight highlights

    by admin Added 129 Views / 0 Likes

    A Blue Origin New Shepard rocket launched Evan Dick, Katya Echazarreta, Hamish Harding, Victor Correa Hespanha, Jaison Robinson, and Victor Vescovo on ride to space and back. See the highlights. Full Story: https://www.space.com/blue-origin-ns-21-space-to

  • 02:20 See Blue Origin's NS-22 crew in suborbital space in these highlights

    See Blue Origin's NS-22 crew in suborbital space in these highlights

    by admin Added 108 Views / 0 Likes

    A Blue Origin New Shepard rocket launched Coby Cotton, Mário Ferreira, Sara Sabra, Vanessa O’Brien, Clint Kelly III, and Steve Young to suborbital space on Aug. 4, 2022. See the flight highlights here. See the entire launch & landings: https://www.space.c

  • 03:26 See Boeing Starliner's re-entry and landing from inside capsule

    See Boeing Starliner's re-entry and landing from inside capsule

    by admin Added 94 Views / 0 Likes

    Take a Boeing Starliner ride with Rosie the Rocketeer, a dummy astronaut that flew on the OFT-2 mission in May 2022. See the views of re-entry, parachute deployment and touchdown from inside the capsule. Credit: Boeing

  • 09:04 See Boeing Starliner's thrusters fire during space station approach + orbital sunrise!

    See Boeing Starliner's thrusters fire during space station approach + orbital sunrise!

    by admin Added 81 Views / 0 Likes

    An uncrewed Boeing Starliner spacecraft is making its way to the International Space Station on May 20, 2022. Watch the OFT-2 mission rendezvous and docking live: https://www.space.com/boeing-starliner-docking-international-space-stationCredit: NASA

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