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Outer Space & Universe

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Outer Space & Universe

Space, also known as outer space, is the near-vacuum between celestial bodies. It is where everything (all of the planets, stars, galaxies and other objects) is found.

On Earth, space begins at the Kármán line (100 km above sea level). This is where Earth's atmosphere is said to stop and outer space begins. This is not a firm boundary but is a convention used by scientists and diplomats.

Items in space are free to move back and forth; up and down; and left and right. These three dimensions are what make 3D space. Items also move forward through time, which is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

The majority of space contains very little matter and so most of it is a vacuum. Scientists do not know how big space is but we do know that space is extremely big, and is always expanding.

According to the big bang theory, all matter and energy in the Universe was compressed into a very small space. Then it exploded and started expanding. Space is still growing in size today; this means the distance from one galaxy to distant galaxies is getting longer.

Gravity is the force that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth and the planets in orbit around the Sun. Gravity can stretch and bend space similar to how a heavy ball placed on a stretched sheet of rubber will cause the rubber to stretch. The scientist who discovered that space can bend is named Albert Einstein. How gravity bends space is part of his theory of general relativity.

Astronauts, Cosmonauts, Taikonauts and Spationauts

An astronaut is any person who is trained by NASA to travel and perform tasks in space. Although the space traveler may not necessarily be a United States citizen, each astronaut does go through a rigorous training regiment by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other space travelers go by other names then astronaut depending on their country of origin.

In the United States, astronaut is derived from the Greek words ástron (star) and nautis (sailor). While, in Russia, a space traveler goes by the name космонавт (English: cosmonaut), which is derived from the Greek words kosmos (universe) and nautis (sailor). Westerners call a space traveler from China a taikonaut, based on the 1998 writings of Chiew Lee Yik and Chen Lan where the term tàikōng (great emptiness), Chinese for “space”. In China, the term yuháng yuán (universe navigator) is used for space traveler.

Only the United States of America (United States), Russia (earlier, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), and the People’s Republic of China (China) have sent manned spacecraft into space. Other countries have assisted these countries by sending their own space travelers on space missions. For instance, a French space traveler is called a spationaut (from the French word spationaute), which is derived from the Latin spatium (space) and Greek nautis (sailor). (plural in Greek nautes = sailors)

 

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    Zoom-in on the Orion Nebula

    by Shubnigg Added 1,608 Views / 3 Likes

    Zoom-in on the Orion Nebula

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  • 00:30 Zoom: Galactic Seascape

    Zoom: Galactic Seascape

    by Shubnigg Added 153 Views / 0 Likes

    A jellyfish galaxy with trailing tentacles of stars hangs in inky blackness in this image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. As Jellyfish galaxies move through intergalactic space they are slowly stripped of gas, which trails behind the galaxy in t

  • 01:00 Zoom: Seeing Triple

    Zoom: Seeing Triple

    by Shubnigg Added 129 Views / 0 Likes

    This video from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope takes the viewer on a journey through space to the location of the massive galaxy cluster RX J2129. Due to Gravitational lensing, this observation contains three different images of the same supe

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    Zooming in on Arp-Madore 2026-424

    by Shubnigg Added 393 Views / 0 Likes

    This video gives the viewer a closer look at the Arp-Madore 2026-424 (AM 2026-424) from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. This image shows the collision of two galaxies of equal size and was taken on 19 June 2019 in visible light by the telescope’s Adv

  • 00:56 Zooming in on NGC 6752 and Bedin 1

    Zooming in on NGC 6752 and Bedin 1

    by Shubnigg Added 371 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a journey to the globular cluster NGC 6752. The final view, from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, shows the bright stars of the cluster, as well as a collection of faint stars; these faint stars are actually part of a ba

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    Zooming in on the Crab Nebula

    by Shubnigg Added 661 Views / 0 Likes

    Zooming in on the Crab Nebula

  • 00:51 Zooming in on the exotic binary star AR Scorpii

    Zooming in on the exotic binary star AR Scorpii

    by Shubnigg Added 679 Views / 0 Likes

    Zooming in on the exotic binary star AR Scorpii

  • 00:21 Zooming in on the Hubble Legacy Field

    Zooming in on the Hubble Legacy Field

    by Shubnigg Added 496 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a journey into the Hubble Legacy Field, a mosaic of the distant Universe that documents 16 years of observations from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. This image contains 200,000 galaxies that stretch back through 13.3 b

  • 00:51 Zooming in on the Southern Crab Nebula

    Zooming in on the Southern Crab Nebula

    by Shubnigg Added 442 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a journey into the 29th anniversary image NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, the Southern Crab Nebula. This peculiar nebula, which exhibits nested hourglass-shaped structures, has been created by the interaction between a pair

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    Zooming in on the Veil Nebula

    by Shubnigg Added 632 Views / 0 Likes

    Zooming in on the Veil Nebula

  • 01:21 Zooming Into NGC 2525

    Zooming Into NGC 2525

    by Shubnigg Added 354 Views / 0 Likes

    This video zooms into the beautiful galaxy NGC 2525, in which Hubble has captured a time-lapse of a supernova in exquisite detail in the lower left portion of the frame. It appears as a very bright star located on the outer edge of one of its beautiful sw

  • 01:00 Zooming Into NGC 346

    Zooming Into NGC 346

    by Shubnigg Added 173 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a journey to NGC 346, one of the most dynamic star-forming regions in nearby galaxies, as seen by the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope.NCG 346 is located in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a dwarf galaxy close to ou

  • 01:00 Zooming into NGC 346

    Zooming into NGC 346

    by Shubnigg Added 135 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a journey to NGC 346, one of the most dynamic star-forming regions in nearby galaxies, as seen by the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope.NCG 346 is located in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a dwarf galaxy close to ou

  • 01:19 Zooming Into the Bat Shadow and its “Flapping”

    Zooming Into the Bat Shadow and its “Flapping”

    by Shubnigg Added 356 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer from the region around the Serpens Nebula to the young star HBC 672. This star is known by its nickname of Bat Shadow because of its wing-like shadow feature. The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has now observed a curious “flap

  • 00:51 Zooming Into the Cosmic Reef

    Zooming Into the Cosmic Reef

    by Shubnigg Added 468 Views / 0 Likes

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    Zooming into the galaxy cluster A1758N

    by Shubnigg Added 621 Views / 0 Likes

    Zooming into the galaxy cluster A1758N

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    Zooming Into the Stingray Nebula

    by Shubnigg Added 257 Views / 0 Likes

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    Zooming on HH 24

    by Shubnigg Added 696 Views / 0 Likes

    Zooming on HH 24

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    Zooming on the star cluster Terzan

    by Shubnigg Added 645 Views / 0 Likes

    Zooming on the star cluster Terzan

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